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As is well known, oil is a precious energy source that has been formed for a long time. Today, we will introduce what the formation of oil has gone through
Firstly, the origin of oil:
Oil is formed from organic matter, including plant, animal, and microbial debris. After the death of these organic substances, they gradually become buried in deep sedimentary rock layers, subjected to the effects of geothermal and ground pressure. Over time, these organic substances undergo chemical reactions to form petroleum.
Next is the process of oil formation:
The process of oil formation can be divided into four stages: sedimentation, burial, upgrading, and migration.
Sedimentation:
The raw material for petroleum comes from the remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms, which will deposit in water or land after death, forming various sediments. These sediments include sediment, carbonate rocks, sandstone, etc. These sediments have accumulated for a long time, forming deep sedimentary rock layers.
Burial:
Over time, these sediments are covered by new sediments and buried deep underground. Deep underground, the temperature and pressure are increasing, which promotes the formation of oil.
Modification:
Sediments are affected by high pressure and temperature deep underground, which leads to changes in their chemical and physical properties. This process is called metamorphism. During the upgrading process, the quality of organic matter changes, the color darkens, and the water and gas content decreases.
Migration:
After modification, oil will migrate upwards in sedimentary rock layers. Oil moves through channels such as pores and fractures and enters reservoirs. A reservoir is a type of rock layer in which pores and fractures are filled with oil.